It’s Memorial Day weekend and many of us are still in shock from the horrible killings that happened in Santa Barbara. And so, while I turn over the intersection of gun violence, mental illness and misogyny,  I turn away too, for comfort, to the places I find hope.

Manuel Boras, photo credit, Life of The Law

So many men and women behind bars are trying to better themselves through education, and these stories are often on page 8 or 23, tucked in a corner of the paper, or at the end of a series of online clicks. But they are hopeful stories about humanity, inspiring us that many people choose change, transforming attitudes and hearts.

“It’s a bitter irony to admit that through imprisonment the world was opened up to me,” said Manuel Boras, who entered the Bard Prison Initiative behind bars and found playwriting enabled him to express himself with words. Now, outside, he recently completed a fellowship through the New York Public Theater’s Emerging Playwrights program and he is working on a play, Starting Over: Coming Home, about the difficulties prisoners and families face upon reentry.

Playwriting seems a natural for people who are trapped but see so much happening around them. They hear dialog that is often unbelievable to those of us on the outside. They see despair, fights, small acts of kindness. They live with a set of values different from that in so-called “civil society” that doesn’t promote expression. But writing does. And programs that offer playwriting to prisoners are more plentiful than you might think. As part of its recognition of prisoner writing behind bars, Pen America gives an award every year to an aspiring playwright. In 2013, it was Derek Trumbo, whose short play Conviction is reproduced online here. Trumbo’s play was performed in New York on March 24th, 2014, by Voices Inside/Out as one of five short prisoner-authored plays at the Engelman Recital Hall of Baruch Performing Arts Center in Manhattan.

Writing plays helps to exercise the mind, said a young prisoner in an article in The Oregonian. Denton, a twenty-four-year old confined to MacLaren Youth Facility in Woodburn, Oregon, struggled with drug addiction—heroin and meth—and was locked away for assault. Behind bars, he found writing.  “I think a lot of different things,” he said, and writing is “the only way I can get my visions out.”

In the 1970’s when I lived in California after college, I saw a play written by a playwright in prison that had a huge impact on my life. The play was The Cage by Rick Cluchey. Cluchey got into theatre in 1957, when he was serving a life sentence at San Quentin Prison for armed robbery. He heard about the famed production of Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot put on for the prisoners at San Quentin, but at the time was considered a “security threat,” so did not attend. Only later did he put on his own production of the play behind bars, after he founded the San Quentin Drama Workshop, and his production also touched the prisoners with the notion that Godot never arrives.

Cluchey wrote The Cage in 1965, a year before his life sentence was commuted by then-Governor Pat Brown. It was a drama about the realities of prison life, and once outside, Cluchey found the San Francisco Actors Workshop in 1967 and produced the play, complete with former prisoners from his work behind bars; they toured dozens of campuses across the country in the ’60s and ’70s. That’s how I saw it. It was perhaps the most powerful experience I have ever had in theatre, watching men tell what prison was really like, listening to Cluchey’s words, like Beckett’s, that deal with the human condition. And seeing that cage replicated on stage, a space where no one could exit from.

Per an article in the LATimes, Cluchey’s tours with The Cage led him to Europe, “where in 1976–after years of correspondence and much persistence–he became Beckett’s assistant director for a Berlin staging of Waiting for Godot.” Imagine! A playwright now, a former prisoner sentenced to life and a man working with his hero.

Below is a clip of a production of The Cage re-staged in 1987 at a theatre in L.A. It is not the production I saw with former prisoners who truly captured the devastating cage in their performance like no one else could. But still Cluchey’s words pack a punch and show that he made meaning out of the madness he experienced and was able to turn his life around through art.

This weekend I went to West Virginia with many education in prison folks from around the country to the Educational Justice and Appalachia Prisons Symposium.

Morgantown, West Virginia is a cross between a college town and scenes from A Coal Miner’s Daughter. It’s only 1 and 1/2 hours from Pittsburgh but a lot of rolling hills until you hit the city. The speakers were stellar, each adding something unique to the event. But I couldn’t stop singing “Country Roads, Take Me Home” all weekend.

The first panel with incarcerated Inside Out students was accompanied by an officer to the presentation where presenters talked about their lives, and writing while locked in a federal prison. Inside Out in WVA brings college students inside in a unique program that offers college credit to both inside and outside students, Some comments from prisoners who were in attendance: “Without the outside, us on the inside would just be talking to ourselves;” and “Not writing about mass incarceration today would be like not writing about slavery in the 19th century.” Anne Rice, a powerhouse who teaches in a prison program with Lehman University, and has coordinated TEDx talks inside prisons, was also on that panel. She reinforced recent RAND Report findings–higher ed reduces recidivism. Also raised in this panel were two important concerns: some students of color don’t want to be in Inside-out programs because they don’t want to be any nearer than they are to the CJ system. And there can be a stigma associated with doing programs.

How hard it is to get past your past with social media continuing to scarlet letter you, I thought, as audience members rightly talked about how we need to find jobs for kids coming out of the system, fix the system and not-so-much, the kids. And I thought again of what Angela Davis said recently in a talk at Babson College which knocked my socks off: “Prisons are havens for outdated ideologies.”

The next panel included Jim Rubenstein, the Commissioner of Corrections in West Virginia, who shocked me when he said West Virginia has the 4th lowest recidivism rate in the country at 27%. Why, I wondered? Do they have such long sentences that no one gets out? Considering that Massachusetts’ recidivism is closer to 60% I want to try and understand his data. The Commissioner also spoke of drug addiction and incarceration. When I spoke on Changing Lives Through Literature, I said, in response to the first two panels, that we should take the word “inmate” out of our conversation, and that we should approach drug addiction as a health problem not as a criminal justice issue (See The House I Live in). Then I spoke about the program I love that has graduated more than 5000 probationers nation-wide.

The evening was highlighted by Rebecca Ginsburg’s stunning program, Education Justice Project, which is very collaborative with people inside/outside. It is a model college-in-prison-program, and the keys are: critical pedagogy, involvement of families, and starting slowly. One of my favorite things that Ginsburg said is that the program is “about the quality of life for anyone wherever they stand.” It is not just about recidivism, or re-entry. She highlighted that at the Higher Education in Prison conference in October, 2014, prisoners will be presenters as well as scholars from the outside.

Restorative Justice (RJ) was one of the highlights of the next day. Attorney Brenda Waugh said RJ depends on humility, respect and wonder, and the central issue is to “address harm.” Victims meet with those they have harmed, and although forgiveness is not always possible, some kind of understanding is. Judge Michael Aloi said entering a courtroom is “entering intense suffering.” He talked about “restoring dignity” to people, expungement of records, and being a non-judgmental judge. Attorney Valeena Beety, who teaches at the WVA Law School, quoted Angela Davis by saying that “prison is an abstract site into which people are placed,” and it is supposedly justified by the fact that it incapacitates. Most impressive at this panel was Jacqueline Roebuck Sakho who brought her small children, asked permission of the elders in the room before she spoke, and said we cannot do restorative justice until we confront multiple narratives of the system, who is responsible for crime, and who or what is actually guilty.

Brenda Waugh, Judge Aoli, and Jackie Sakho.

Kyes Stevens shocked me with this: Alabama prisons are 198% overcrowded. Stevens worked at Tutweiller Prison where abuse is rampant, she said, and then “In steps poetry.” The Alabama Prison Arts & Education Project is thriving with many sites throughout the state and many teachers. Stevens finds joy in her work in prison, knows how to bring in all the stakeholders, and my favorite comment from her: “A handful of pencils” can lead to “amazing art.”

Both the Appalachian Book Project and Books Through Bars in Philadelphia do the incredible hard work of getting books to prisoners, both in West Virginia (ABP), and up and down the east coast (BTB). Marc Niesen from Chatham University in Pittsburgh mentioned the epiphany we all have who teach/have taught inside: “I can walk out.” The Chatham program has a great resource Wordswithoutwalls.com, and a video on their site with the concept that words help you get outside your cell. On that same panel was Laura Leigh Morris who teaches in a Texas prison where women say they want the writing class to be a “refuge.” Most interesting, she said, “I have to pee in a cup to teach there.” Oh Texas!

The final presentation of the weekend was Dwayne Betts, poet, former prisoner and now student at Yale Law School. He shared his experience behind bars growing into  books and words. He read from his books of poetry and I am now devouring his memoir, A Question of Freedom. What an amazing mind. I’ll leave you with a snippet from one of his poems, entitled, “A Post-Modern Two Step:”

And this is ruin. Damn these chains,
this awkward dance I do with this van. Two-step,
my body swaying back and forth, my head
a pendulum that’s rocked by the wild riffs
of the dudes I’m riding with: them white folks know
you ain’t god body, what you commune wine
and bread? Where you from son? Red lines?
To what Onion? My eyes two caskets though,
so the voices are sheets of sound. Our van as dark
inside as out, and all the bodies black
and voices black too and I tell my god
if you have ears for this one, know I want
no part of it, no Onions and no tears.
I tell no one, and cry my dirge.
This place,
the cracked and scratching vinyl seats, the loud
loud talk of murder this and blanket fear
around the rest, is where I’m most at home,
but it’s beyond where prayers reach, a point
something like purgatory. I lean back
and drift in sleep as someone says, his voice
all hoarse and jacked, all broken songbird-like
all revolutions end with a L-note.

What a weekend.

I thought I'd compile a list here of prison movies and documentaries that I like– just so we'd have them for the holidays. I am including material that I think adds to the discussion in some substantive way.

Documentaries
Fruitvale Station
Gideon's Army
Shakespeare Behind Bars
The House I Live In
The Dhamma Brothers
Concrete, Steel and Paint
Tattoed Tears
Titicut Follies
Attica
Well Contested Sites
 

Films
Shawshank Redemption
Somebody Has to Shoot the Picture
The Hurricane
The Green Mile
Dead Man Walking
Snitched
Conviction
Schindler's List
Stranger Inside
Short Eyes
Weeds
Caesar Must Die
Kiss of the Spider Woman
Micky B
 

Many movies I have not seen can be found here . Real Cost of Prisons Projects and Prison Photography has their list of the best docs. Films and Docs I want to see mentioned on these sites!

Herman's House
Kids for Cash
Mothers of Bedford
Women Behind Bars
Sweethearts of the Prison Rodeo
Broken on All Sides
Girlhood
Red Hook Justice
Killer Poet
Carandiru
Slam
In the Name of the Father
The Big House

As the holidays approach, some of us may be looking for a book to buy for those we know interested in prison issues. From The Inside-Out website I've added this booklist that I think is fairly comprehensive about prison. Inside-Out is a uique educational programs that pairs student-learners and prison-students in a correctional setting where they study college-level issues intersting to all involved. I've also added a few of my own suggestions and some from Lois Ahrens at The Real Cost of Prisons Project

Suggested Readings